Shardakov, Igor Alexandrovich. “Mechanics is not just a fundamental science, it is the basis from which all natural sciences grew,” - Professor Igor Shardakov Mechanics is a fundamental science

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Igor Aleksandrovich Shardakov(04/19/1922, Okhansk - 08/02/1982, Simferopol) - Soviet soldier, participant in the Great Patriotic War, Hero of the Soviet Union, deputy squadron commander of the 5th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (207th Fighter Aviation Division), guard senior lieutenant.

Biography

Born on April 19, 1922 in the city of Okhansk, now Perm Territory. Member of the CPSU(b)/CPSU since 1944. Lived and studied in the city of Simferopol. He graduated from high school and the flying club.

As part of the regiment, he took part in the battles for the liberation of Ukraine and Poland. The last victory was won in March 1945 in the skies of Germany. Soon he was sent to study at the academy. In total, during the war years, fighter pilot Shardakov completed 483 combat missions, in 80 air battles he personally shot down 20 and 6 enemy aircraft in a group.

In 1949 he graduated from the Air Force Academy named after N. E. Zhukovsky. Since 1956, Lieutenant Colonel Shardakov has been in reserve. Lived and worked in the city of Simferopol. Died August 2, 1982.

He was awarded the Order of Lenin, three Orders of the Red Banner, two Orders of the Red Star, and medals.

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Literature

• Bodrikhin N. G. Soviet aces. M., 1998.
• Heroes of the Soviet Union: A Brief Biographical Dictionary / Prev. ed. collegium I. N. Shkadov. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1988. - T. 2 /Lyubov - Yashchuk/. - 863 p. - 100,000 copies. - ISBN 5-203-00536-2.
• Fedorov A. G. Soviet aviation in the battle of Moscow. M.: Knowledge, 1974.

Links

. Website "Heroes of the Country". Retrieved July 1, 2014.

Excerpt characterizing Shardakov, Igor Alexandrovich

The movement of peoples begins to settle into its shores. The waves of the great movement have subsided, and circles are formed on the calm sea, in which diplomats rush, imagining that they are the ones causing the lull in the movement.
But the calm sea suddenly rises. It seems to diplomats that they, their disagreements, are the reason for this new onslaught of forces; they expect war between their sovereigns; The situation seems insoluble to them. But the wave, the rise of which they feel, is not rushing from where they expect it. The same wave is rising, from the same starting point of movement - Paris. The last surge of movement from the west is taking place; a splash that should resolve the seemingly intractable diplomatic difficulties and put an end to the militant movement of this period.
The man who devastated France, alone, without a conspiracy, without soldiers, comes to France. Every watchman can take it; but, by a strange coincidence, not only does no one take it, but everyone greets with delight the man whom they cursed the day before and will curse in a month.
This person is also needed to justify the last collective action.
The action is completed. The last role has been played. The actor was ordered to undress and wash off the antimony and rouge: he would no longer be needed.
And several years pass in which this man, alone on his island, plays a pathetic comedy in front of himself, petty intrigues and lies, justifying his actions when this justification is no longer needed, and shows the whole world what it was like what people took for strength when an invisible hand guided them.
The manager, having finished the drama and undressed the actor, showed him to us.
- Look what you believed! Here he is! Do you see now that it was not he, but I who moved you?
But, blinded by the power of the movement, people did not understand this for a long time.
The life of Alexander I, the person who stood at the head of the countermovement from east to west, is even more consistent and necessary.
What is needed for that person who, overshadowing others, would stand at the head of this movement from east to west?
What is needed is a sense of justice, participation in European affairs, but distant, not obscured by petty interests; what is needed is a predominance of moral heights over one’s comrades—the sovereigns of that time; a meek and attractive personality is needed; a personal insult against Napoleon is needed. And all this is in Alexander I; all this was prepared by countless so-called accidents of his entire past life: his upbringing, his liberal initiatives, his surrounding advisers, Austerlitz, Tilsit, and Erfurt.
During a people's war, this person is inactive, since he is not needed. But as soon as the need for a common European war arises, this person at that moment appears in his place and, uniting the European peoples, leads them to the goal.

Sh Ardakov Igor Aleksandrovich - deputy squadron commander of the 5th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (207th Fighter Aviation Division, 3rd Mixed Aviation Corps, 17th Air Army, Southwestern Front), guard senior lieutenant.

Born on April 19, 1922 in the city of Okhansk, now Perm Territory, in a working-class family. Russian. Member of the CPSU(b)/CPSU since 1944. Lived and studied in the city of Simferopol. He graduated from high school and the flying club.

In 1939 he would have been drafted into the Red Army and sent to flight school. In 1941, on the eve of the war, he graduated from the Kachin Military Aviation Pilot School. He was assigned to the 129th (from December 1941 - 5th Guards) fighter aviation regiment, based on the western borders of the country.

Participant of the Great Patriotic War since June 1941. In the very first battles near Bialystok, the young pilot won his first victory - he shot down an enemy Me-109 fighter with a MiG-3. As part of the regiment, he participated in the Battle of Smolensk, repelling enemy air raids on Yelnya, Dorogobuzh, Yartsevo, Dukhovshchina, Vyazma, and defended Moscow. After the regiment was re-equipped with LaGG-3 fighters, it fought on the Kalinin Front. By August 1942, he already had 5 German aircraft to his credit.

From November 1942 he flew La-5 fighters. From December of the same year he fought on the Southwestern Front near Stalingrad. Then he took part in the battles for the liberation of Donbass.

By July 1943, the deputy squadron commander of the 5th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment, Senior Lieutenant Shardakov, had flown 156 combat missions and shot down 16 enemy aircraft in 48 air battles.

U Order of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on September 8, 1943 for the exemplary execution of command assignments and the courage and heroism shown in battles with the Nazi invaders of the Guard, senior lieutenant Shardakov Igor Alexandrovich awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (N 1081).

As part of the regiment, he took part in the battles for the liberation of Ukraine and Poland. The last victory was won in March 1945 in the skies of Germany. Soon he was sent to study at the academy. In total, during the war years, fighter pilot Shardakov completed 483 combat missions, in 80 air battles he personally shot down 20 and 6 enemy aircraft in a group.

In 1949 he graduated from the Air Force Academy named after N.E. Zhukovsky. Since 1956, Lieutenant Colonel Shardakov has been in reserve. Lived and worked in the city of Simferopol. Died August 2, 1982.

Awarded the Order of Lenin, three Orders of the Red Banner, two Orders of the Red Star, and medals.

Topic: mechanics

Program: “Not a day without science”

Guests: Igor Shardakov, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor; Valery Matveenko, Chairman of the Perm Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Presenter: Roman Popov

Reference

Igor Shardakov - Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher of the Laboratory of Modeling Thermomechanical Processes in Deformable Bodies of the Institute of Continuum Mechanics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In 1972 he graduated from the Perm Polytechnic Institute with a degree in “Dynamics and Strength of Machines.” After that, he completed his postgraduate studies at the Moscow Institute of Electronic Engineering.

He is a member of the Russian National Committee on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, the Joint Academic Council on Mathematics, Mechanics and Informatics under the Presidium of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Expert Council of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research.

Scientific interests - development of new approaches and methods for solving boundary value problems of continuum mechanics, research of thermomechanical phenomena in polymer materials during relaxation and phase transitions, development and creation of automated systems for deformation monitoring of engineering and construction structures.

One of the main applied results of solid mechanics is software packages for solving various mechanical problems. Well-known engineering analysis systems are constantly evolving and adding new tasks. Study of thermomechanics of amorphous-crystalline polymers. Features of the thermomechanical behavior of solid polymer materials are due to: high mass characteristics of polymer chains; variety of supramolecular structures; the ability to implement the process of polymerization, phase transition and relaxation. Experimental and theoretical studies were aimed at constructing mathematical models that make it possible to describe the relationship between transformation processes and the stress-strain state over a wide temperature range. Mathematical models constructed using the obtained constitutive relations can be used to select rational parameters of technological processes for the production of polymer materials and their processing. Study of mechanical properties and deformation behavior of nonlinear elastic materials saturated with liquid. The processes of transfer of liquids in polymer gels and elastomers are widely used in many modern technologies, for example, in biotechnology, medicine and pharmacology, and biochemistry. Products made from elastomers are often used in physically aggressive environments - organic solvents and their vapors. Solvent absorption causes swelling of the material, generates internal stresses in it and ultimately can cause destruction of the product. The theoretical description of the processes of deformation and mass transfer in polymer materials made it possible to fully take into account the fundamental relationship between the thermodynamic and transport properties of polymer networks. The results obtained can be used in the design of elastomer-based products intended for operation in physically aggressive environments, as well as in the creation and improvement of technologies based on the use of mass transfer processes in polymer gels.

There is a feeling that it is difficult to call mechanics a science, because this word is used quite often in different contexts. Mechanics - what is it?

Igor Shardakov: Mechanics is a very broad concept. There is a very deep story behind it. Mechanics is one of the oldest, fundamental sciences. All of humanity grew from mechanics. Mechanics is the movement of material bodies, everything that surrounds us. The people who developed this science, the founders of modern classical mechanics, are Newton and Leibniz. From mechanics other branches of physics developed. If we talk about the current state of this science, we see that in recent decades many specific sections have developed - biomechanics, chemomechanics, mechatronics, micromechanics, nanomechanics, astrophysics. Mechanics continues to expand and influence our lives.

The laws of mechanics are so rich that the development of mankind depends on progress in this area.

- Is mechanics a certain component or basis in all sciences?

Igor Shardakov: I don't see any areas where there would be no response in mechanics.

Valery Matveenko: Perhaps the most offensive thing is that mechanics, often solving global issues, remains on the sidelines. A simple example: a new aircraft has been designed, we know the name of the general designer. But the plane will not fly without knowledge of aerodynamics, without ensuring appropriate strength and solving a host of other problems. And this is all decided by mechanics.

- Is mechanics a fundamental science?

Igor Shardakov: This is not just basic science. This is the basis from which all natural sciences grew.

Okay, we know the general designer of the aircraft. Should we, can we know those learned mechanics who contributed their knowledge to the construction of this aircraft?

Valery Matveenko: The mechanics know.

Igor Shardakov: It wouldn't be at all out of place.

Mechanics is not just a multiplication table that underlies everything. Does it solve a huge number of modern problems?

Igor Shardakov: Undoubtedly. The entire world around us is all mechanics. Mechanics is also what goes inside bodies. A person becomes familiar with mechanics from childhood. The destruction process is one of the processes that is our area of ​​interest. The destruction of different materials occurs in different ways.

Valery Matveenko: It's probably better to use examples here. Why does the sperm whale swim quickly with relatively low energy expenditure? Explaining this is the task of mechanics.

Igor Shardakov: Biomechanics is a gigantic branch of science that attracts a lot of money. He comes into contact with medicine. We study the processes that occur in muscle tissue.

Valery Matveenko: Igor is one of the ideologists of the Virtual Heart project.

Igor Shardakov: This is a simulation of the heart, which is based on real processes occurring in the muscle structure. This is significant for medicine. In particular, our work made it possible to discover quite interesting electrodynamic phenomena that occur in the tissues of the heart and they determine the possibility of studying cardiac arrhythmia.

- I understand correctly that mechanics are in some way absolute. Biologists, physicists can come to you...

Igor Shardakov:...chemists, physiologists. It is precisely at the junction of sciences that the most interesting projects arise. In September-October I was in Sydney for the second time. We have a joint project with the University of Sydney, with the school of physics. We cooperate on biocompatibility issues. Physicists, biologists, doctors, physiologists, and chemists are involved there. On the Russian side I am the leader, and on the University of Sydney side Belik Marcella. During the implementation of the project, we meet at seminars with scientists from the Sydney Heart Research Institute. Contacts immediately arise and problems are discussed. We are conducting a small series of studies together.

Can you identify the main vectors along which science as a science is now moving? Or is it difficult to single out several areas?

Igor Shardakov: In Perm, the main directions are solid body mechanics and mechanics of liquid and gaseous bodies. These two schools are famous in Russia and beyond. They achieved significant results.

Valery Matveenko: Solid mechanics studies objects whose shape changes under the influence of external factors. Here the problems of strength and reliability arise. To create interest in mechanics, I would outline some topics. We talked about interdisciplinary interaction. There was such a historical fact: the Institute of Technical Chemistry was born in the depths of our institute. On one floor there was Shardakov’s laboratory and on the same floor there was a chemists’ laboratory. Willy-nilly, in the process of communication, a science called chemomechanics was born.

- Chemomechanics was born in Perm.

Igor Shardakov: Perhaps we should not claim the title of the birthplace of this science, but we have made a significant contribution to it. We had Valery Pavlovich Pegishev, who worked on polymers. We studied the effect on polymers of various loads - temperature, dynamic, force. A very interesting fragment of work has appeared here, when all kinds of assessments are made of the strength characteristics of these materials from the moment of their birth - polymerization, phase transitions. They turned out to be very significant for these materials. If these processes are not implemented properly, the material can collapse from those contradictions in the form of stresses.

Valery Matveenko: A striking example is that everyone uses epoxy. Sometimes you mix it successfully, and everything sticks together, and sometimes you mix it unsuccessfully, and it all cracks.

- I am very familiar with this everyday example, especially with its second part.

Valery Matveenko: Polymers, of course, are a complex, multicomponent system. They behave differently when mixed at different temperatures. To obtain the desired product, chemomechanics is needed.

- What other areas can you remember in Permian mechanics?

Igor Shardakov: I'll talk about what's closest to me. Recently, we have been introducing good scientific achievements into the development of automated systems for monitoring the deformation mechanical state of buildings and structures. These are systems that monitor the condition of structures and make it possible to predict what time interval the structure can be safely operated. This became possible thanks to the development of information technology and the mechanical advances that we have. We have been working on these systems for 10 years and successfully use them in various modern structures. For example, we implemented such systems in the Semya shopping and entertainment complex. The Mining and Oil Institute ordered us to create a monitoring system in the Berezniki region.

Valery Matveenko: Our systems are installed in fifty houses.

Igor Shardakov: They monitor the condition of buildings online. I see this sitting in my office.

- How the mechanical scientific school was formed in Perm. How did it all begin?

Igor Shardakov: The mechanical school in Perm began with two fundamental...

Valery Matveenko: We will only touch on one branch that we are involved with.

Igor Shardakov: Yes. This is a polytechnic institute, the mid-60s, the arrival here of Alexander Aleksandrovich Pozdeev, a famous professor, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. He came here very young. And he, with all his baggage and passion, set about creating the department of dynamics and strength of machines. This department gave birth to the main branch - mechanics of deformed solids. Valery Pavlovich and I are graduates of this department. This was the third issue.

Valery Matveenko: Pozdeev managed to create a small MEPhI within the walls of the Perm Polytechnic Institute. He was given carte blanche by Mikhail Nikolaevich Dedyukin, who was then the rector. Almost the full course of university disciplines was taught at the technical university. This starter gave a lot.

Igor Shardakov: San Sanych somehow managed to form this department well. There were a huge number of hours of mathematics, physics and other sciences.

Valery Matveenko: Pozdeev also had a great gift - he was not greedy. I'm talking about the fact that he floated the best students to Moscow. Valery Nikolaevich and I were in graduate school in Moscow. Not every leader does this. That's why we have such a conglomerate.

Igor Shardakov: Everyone was returning. A connection was established with the Moscow State University School of Mechanics, headed by Alexey Antonovich Ilyushin. This is a very famous scientist in our country. These connections and contacts gave a lot to our Perm school.

Valery Matveenko: Pozdeev was an extraordinary person. He ran marathons, was into boxing, and climbed seven-thousanders. One of the streets in the PPI complex bears his name.

This means that the school has been formed, young scientists and directions have appeared, and now we can say that the Perm school of mechanics is one of...

Valery Matveenko: Let others evaluate, but we are in the top three in Russia.

- How is Russian mechanics ranked as a science?

Valery Matveenko: We are strong in the theoretical part, but lately we have fallen very far behind in terms of instrumentation. Maybe I’ll say something seditious, but despite the great interest in theory, there was no great desire to engage in the experimental part.

Igor Shardakov: There was a gap, but now it is being eliminated very powerfully. Funds are allocated, devices and installations are purchased. Even a problem has arisen - people do not have time to master all the devices. I know that sometimes the received equipment is left unpacked. Now is a very favorable time for people who are entering this science. You can realize your plans, ambitions, motivations. Studying mechanics allows you to have a good look at the whole world. Our graduate students have great opportunities to visit other countries, do internships there, and attend conferences.

Valery Matveenko: All our lives we had a dream to visit Kamchatka, and we visited there, but not as tourists, but as researchers. We had a wonderful grant.

Igor Shardakov: These are all the same contacts. Melnik Oleg Eduardovich is a volcanologist. Communicating with him, we “gave birth” to a joint project. He dealt with magma, and we deal mainly with the deformation of solids. When studying volcanoes, seismic sensors are used and deformation processes are studied. This is a state of active volcanic activity, which was given some reasons, there were some harbingers. And far from dynamic. We had our own view on how to analyze the state of rocks in the vicinity of a volcano before its active phase.

- Predict an eruption?

Igor Shardakov: Yes. When everything shakes, it's already too late.

Valery Matveenko: We had a wonderful two weeks at the foot of the volcano.

Igor Shardakov: This connected with the idea of ​​monitoring.

Valery Matveenko: Articles were written that were praised by the international community. When a report was made at one of the international scientific conferences, we received a proposal to try this on Etna.

Igor Shardakov: The implementation of these projects is an expensive pleasure, and for now it remains on paper.

- You talked about monitoring in the Verkhnekamye zone. Is this work of the same order?

Igor Shardakov: There are a lot of similarities here from a mechanical point of view.

- Is there something exclusive about Perm in the monitoring you conduct that is not available anywhere else?

Igor Shardakov: The qualitative characteristics of monitoring largely depend on the mathematical models that are embedded inside; they determine the ideology of monitoring. The sensor block supplies discrete information from some points of the object under study. The information enters a mathematical model, which allows, based on this data, to characterize the state of the object as a whole, at any point.

- How accurate are our mathematical models?

Igor Shardakov: This is one of the main points - the adequacy of the model in relation to the object that we are monitoring. This is one of the main tasks. Here it is necessary for the model to live with this object and adapt to it.

Valery Matveenko: We monitored a building in Kungur. He had to be resettled.

Your fundamental knowledge helped in creating mathematical models and their adequacy. Creating models is your forte.

Igor Shardakov: Absolutely right. But we also do something on the instrumental side. We have our own finds and achievements. One of our instrumental developments is based on such a simple phenomenon as communicating vessels. It is equipped with modern sensors, operates automatically and is progressing successfully.

- Apart from Verkhnekamye, does anyone else use your monitoring systems?

Igor Shardakov: Yes. We have been observing deformations in Perm for three years now...

Valery Matveenko: There are a lot of orders, but we are faced with a dilemma. If Igor Nikolaevich replicates these monitoring systems, he will be successful. But for us it is important in a different way. We need to create an innovative direction at the institute that would replicate developments, and Igor Nikolaevich would only oversee the process.

And there is a question of capitalization, as I understand it. It is in such structures that young people can realize themselves and organize scientific groups that will move on. Where do you plan to move science next? In what direction do you plan to develop mechanics?

Igor Shardakov: The country has entered into market relations, which inevitably affects the areas that we are developing. In particular, we plan to develop areas useful for monitoring systems. Just recently, at a gigantic competition, we won a prestigious Russian grant from the Fund for the Development of Laboratories and Departments. We received a project to develop an experimental stand that will study deformation processes in real structures. It's one thing to destroy one element of a structure and watch the process take place. But the processes that occur before destruction are much more important. The destruction of systems consisting of elements is an even more complex process.

Valery Matveenko: Igor says “stand”. I'll explain. This is a five-story building 36 by 18 meters. There are no analogues of such a stand in Russia.

- You got the opportunity to blow up a house (laughs).

Valery Matveenko: First build, and then destroy.

- When will you implement it?

Valery Matveenko: It is already under implementation.

- Where is he located?

Igor Shardakov: On the territory of our institute. It can be loaded, destroyed, registered.

I am sure that in a few years, based on the results of the work of this test site, we will learn something more about mechanics. And then you will come to us again and tell us about it.

Igor Shardakov: With pleasure.

Shardakov Igor Alexandrovich

Born on April 19, 1922 in the city of Okhansk, Perm province. He graduated from 9 classes and the Simferopol Aero Club, in 1941 - the Kachin Military Aviation School.

He shot down his first Messer on a MiG-3 in the first days of the war. By August 1942 he already had 5 German aircraft shot down on the MiG-3 and LaGT-3. Since November 1942, the regiment fought on La-5. By July 1943, deputy. commander of the 5th GIAP (until December 1941 - 129 IAP) Guard Art. Lieutenant Shardakov shot down 16 enemy aircraft in 156 sorties and 18 air battles. He fought on the Western, Steppe, Kalinin, South-Western, 1st and 3rd Ukrainian fronts, in 1944 he became commander three in the 5th GIAP - one of the best fighter aviation regiments, whose pilots shot down 739 in air battles enemy aircraft (2nd result among Soviet Air Force regiments).

Captain Shardakov won his last victory for the Guard on March 14, 1945, the day he left for the academy, by shooting down an FV-190 while covering an Il-2. In total, he completed 483 combat missions, in 80 air battles he personally shot down 20 and 6 enemy aircraft in a group.

In 1949 he graduated from the VVIA named after Zhukovsky. He was demobilized with the rank of lieutenant colonel in 1956. Lived and worked in Simferopol. Died August 2, 1982

Hero of the Soviet Union (8.9.43). Awarded the Order of Lenin, 3 Orders of the Red Banner, 2 Orders of the Red Star, and medals.

Igor Historian S. M. Solovyov noted that very few ancient legends from the reign of Igor (?–945) have survived. He counted only five legends. And indeed, Igor, who reigned for almost as many years as Oleg, did not leave behind the details of his reign