Reinforced concrete blocks for the foundation height. Types of blocks for foundations and the technology of their laying

Today, FBS blocks are very popular in the construction of foundations and low structures: the dimensions of the product and the price for it are presented in a wide range. This allows you to determine the appropriate material for construction in certain conditions. By observing the rules for selecting the type of material and its dimensions, you can create a solid and reliable structure in a short period of time.

Varieties of sandwich panels and their characteristics. Houses from sandwich panels. installation algorithm.

Blocks FBV, in contrast to the previous type, have a longitudinal section in the cavity of the product. It is intended for installation of engineering communications. The manufacturing process of such products is similar to the manufacturing method of the previous version. Concrete not lower than grade M100 is used here. However, in the construction of FBV blocks are used extremely rarely, therefore they are made mainly by individual order. Products are produced in length 880 mm, height 580 mm and width 400, 500 and 600 mm.

FBP blocks are lightweight lightweight concrete products with open square holes at the bottom of the element. Concrete brand M150 is used for the manufacture. Products are produced with a length of 2380 mm. Other linear dimensions of foundation blocks and product prices are in a wide range. FBP blocks are used to create foundations for industrial equipment or for building internal basement walls.

As a base for a columnar or strip foundation, trapezoidal products are used, which are marked FL. The parameters and dimensions of foundation pillows are regulated by GOST 13580-85. The width of products varies between 600-3200 mm. The height of the elements can be 300 or 500 mm. The last value corresponds to products with a width of 2000 mm or more. The block length is 780-2980 mm. The largest elements have dimensions of 2980x2000x500 and 1180x500x3200 mm, and the smallest are produced in the size of 1180x600x300 mm.

For the construction of internal and external walls of structures of agricultural and industrial enterprises, reinforced concrete tape blocks BF made of heavy concrete are used, which are regulated by GOST 28737-90. All elements are divided into six varieties, which differ in their cross-sectional dimensions.

Reliable domestic manufacturers of foundation blocks: product prices

Concrete blocks FBS are part of the products that are produced at any concrete plant. Very often, products are made without observing all the subtleties and stages of the technological process. Concrete of various grades can be used as a raw material. Therefore, when choosing a high-quality and reliable material, you should choose companies that have proven themselves from the best side in the global construction market.

One of the largest enterprises in Russia for the production of building materials from concrete is the Industrial Construction Details Plant. Products are durable and high quality workmanship, which is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST. The cost of foundation blocks starts from 1200 rubles / piece.

The Russian company "Vira" specializes in the manufacture of concrete products. The product range includes more than 400 positions, among which are wall foundation blocks. The price per piece of the product depends on its dimensions and averages 1650 rubles.

Another popular domestic manufacturer is the Master company. It manufactures all types of concrete blocks, the price of which depends on the type of product and starts from 1150 rubles per piece.

Alexandria expanded clay plant produces various types of concrete products. Small concrete blocks are in great demand, which can be used in the construction of load-bearing walls, fences and columns or used as supporting elements in basements and semi-basements, basement floors. Products are made in special forms, due to which they have accurate dimensions. The price of foundation blocks 200x200x400 mm starts from 55 rubles / piece.

Another reliable manufacturer is the Zlatoust plant, which produces a wide range of FBS, FBP, FVP, stairs, panels, lintels and concrete road slabs. The products are reasonably priced. The price of a block of foundation FBS starts from 950 rubles / piece.

Features of installation of foundation FBS blocks

The process of installing blocks under the foundation does not require special knowledge and special skills. To obtain a good result, it is important to strictly follow the sequence of actions that are carried out in three stages.

The first step is to calculate the number of elements needed to build the foundation. To do this, the volume of the building is determined, the resulting value should be divided by the volume of one block. The second step is to prepare the base. Blocks should be laid on a sand cushion 50-100 mm thick, previously leveled and compacted. The length and width of the base should be 25-30 cm larger than the dimensions of the planned building. Next, the site is divided along the axes using construction plumb lines and a level.

The final stage is the direct laying of FBS blocks using a lifting mechanism. Beacon blocks are pre-installed at the corners, intersections and lintels of the foundation. The level checks the coincidence of the upper planes of the beacons, between which the cord should be pulled. The remaining elements of the first row are exposed on it. Between the blocks, according to the project, it is necessary to leave gaps for the passage of utilities.

Helpful advice! Before installation, the blocks should be cleaned of possible contamination and moistened with water.

The geometry of the entire foundation will depend on the correct installation of the first row of blocks. The laying accuracy is controlled by a level. Structural elements are repaired with a crowbar. The next row is built on the principle of brickwork. Between the rows, a layer of cement mortar is provided, which is compacted with a bayonet shovel. The height of the foundation is usually 5 rows of products.

Important! Do not install blocks on a base covered with water or snow.

When building small structures in a summer cottage, you can use used foundation blocks measuring 400x600x200 mm. And the price per piece of the product will be only 300 rubles.

The use of FBS blocks in the construction of foundations and other facilities can significantly speed up the process. The correct choice of product size and compliance with the installation sequence will be the key to creating a strong, reliable and durable design.

Solid blocks of heavy concrete are an ideal material for strip foundations, basement walls and technical undergrounds, for the construction of retaining walls of low height.

Unfortunately, the mass and overall dimensions of the most technologically advanced elements on the construction site are so large that they can only be mounted using powerful lifting equipment, which significantly limits the capabilities of an individual developer. Nevertheless, foundation wall blocks - FBS, are actively used at construction sites and occupy a prominent position in the production range of large and small manufacturers of concrete products.

Manufacturing technology and block shape

Wall blocks are simple products made of monolithic concrete. For the production of fairly simple equipment in the form of steel collapsible molds. This allows numerous firms that are able to purchase the necessary inexpensive equipment to supply foundation blocks to the market. The quality is affected by the conscientiousness of the manufacturer and his observance of technological discipline. Particularly important is the correct manufacture of the concrete mix, the selection of aggregate fractions and the provision of parameters for the process of concrete setting and aging.

The blocks are in the form of a parallelepiped with a length of 0.9 to 2.4 meters, a height of 0.3 or 0.6 meters and a width of 0.3 to 0.5 meters. The characteristic notch at the ends facilitates the filling and sealing of the vertical joint. For casting, heavy concrete of various grades is used. As a filler, crushed gravel of optimal granulometric composition is used, although sometimes you can find products made on the basis of crushed stone of sedimentary rocks, for example, limestone or dolomite.

Reinforcement of blocks is not carried out, since their maximum length excludes too large bending forces when exposed to a distributed load. However, during the molding process, steel loops are installed in them to facilitate transportation and installation.

Dimensions of foundation blocks

An important parameter by which the range of products differs is the width. The larger it is, the more massive the wall of a building supported by a block can be, but at the same time, the cost of the product also increases. Typically, elements with a transverse size of 30, 40, 50 and 60 centimeters are produced.

The length of the standard block is 2380 millimeters, this size allows the most economical and technologically efficient construction of foundation walls. For the dressing device, elements with a length of 1180 millimeters are used. Blocks with a length of 880 millimeters are called additional and are intended to fill surfaces whose dimensions are not a multiple of the maximum length. They can be useful when laying out and when making technological holes in the foundation wall.

The nominal length of the block differs from its physical size by two centimeters. This allows you to correct possible technological deviations of the product dimensions and provides the necessary structural clearance for the installation of a vertical seam.

The usual block height is 580 millimeters, which corresponds to a nominal size of 0.6 meters. The difference of two centimeters serves to create a horizontal seam and allows the use of rod reinforcement or mesh in it to create a reinforced belt or screed.

Blocks with a height of 280 millimeters or 0.3 meters of nominal size are also produced. They are designed to adjust the height of the wall and are used in cases where the use of a standard size block is irrational.

With the necessary equipment, manufacturers can offer additional blocks of other dimensions, for example, 0.6 and 0.4 meters long, with a standard height of 0.6 and 0.3 meters and a width of 0.2 or 0.3 meters. They occupy an intermediate position between foundation and conventional wall concrete blocks.

Concrete blocks for the foundation of small sizes with a nominal height of 0.15 and 0.2 meters, a width of 0.2 and 0.3 meters, as a rule, are produced in small enterprises using semi-handicraft technology. Designed for manual movement and installation in the design position.

Prices for foundation blocks

The marking of products consists of the abbreviation of the name of the product - FBS, denoting “wall (or solid) foundation block” and a set of numbers deciphering its dimensions. The first group indicates the nominal length, the second - the width, the third - the height. The index at the end of the name is used by some suppliers to inform about the composition of the concrete from which the product is made. The letter “t” indicates heavy concrete.

Cost table of foundation blocks of one of the manufacturing plants as of the end of 2015:

The cost of the foundation block depends on its dimensions and brand of concrete, which is associated with the consumption of materials and other resources. Relatively high handling and transportation costs can significantly add to the price when purchasing products from an intermediary.

Blocks of reduced dimensions, for example 0.4 * 0.2 * 0.2, cost from 60 to 100 rubles per unit, depending on the brand of concrete used and associated costs. The specificity of the production of such products, associated with small enterprises, a wide variety of equipment and technologies used, creates a significant variation in prices even within the region.

Foundation blocks - concrete products of strength grades M100, M150, M200, designed for the installation of strip and column foundations in any climatic zone. They are also suitable for the construction of basement walls, basements, technical rooms. They almost always have a rectangular shape, on the upper face there are one or two metal eyelets, for which the element is picked up by a crane and then moved to the installation site. It is possible to combine a monolithic base with a block base, in which case the pillow is poured with a regular solution, and finished factory-made panels are placed on top of it.

Advantages:

• high construction speed;
• low cost of manual labor;
• the minimum amount of work with cement mortar, there is no need to put the formwork;
• the possibility of mounting the base of the building under adverse weather conditions;
• versatility - the panels are suitable for the construction of buildings of any type;
• on sandy soil do not require preliminary cushioning;
• resistance to groundwater, temperature changes, and other adverse conditions;
• frost resistance (up to -55°C, from 50 freeze-thaw cycles);
• homogeneity of the quality of individual elements;
• compliance with the requirements of GOST;
• immediately after completion of work, you can begin to build walls, without waiting for the mortar to dry and gain strength;
• service life - from 100 years.

Disadvantages of a concrete slab foundation:

• the need to use special equipment during the installation;
• unsuitability for heaving soil;
• requires reliable additional waterproofing;
• the final price (taking into account the cost of work, energy costs) is higher than that of the cast one.

Types of foundation panels

The classification of blocks is carried out on the basis of the shape, the presence of reinforcement, the type of concrete. The quality depends on the grade of mortar strength, manufacturing technology. The main characteristics are determined by marking:

• FBS - solid unreinforced, suitable for load-bearing structures, foundations of high-rise buildings, erecting walls of basements;
• FBP - hollow (hollow), used as a fixed formwork, when installing basements, industrial buildings, voids are reinforced and then filled with mortar;
• F - reinforced concrete (with reinforcement);
• FL - for strip foundation;
• BF - from heavy concrete;
• FBV - solid with a longitudinal recess (for conducting communications, jumpers).

A variety of foundation panels - pillow. They have the shape of a trapezoid, which increases the area of ​​\u200b\u200bsupport. Such products are used to create the first row of bases from blocks, primarily on soil with high humidity.

Marking

Dimensions are in decimeters rounded up:

• FBS -9-3-6t - 880 x 300 x 580 mm;
• FBS -9-4-6s - 880 x 400 x 580 mm;
• FBS -12-3-6p - 1180 x 300 x 580 mm.

Sometimes manufacturers or sellers indicate the dimensions in a different order: height x width x length.

The next parameter that can be determined by marking is the type of concrete:

• T - heavy;
• C - silicate;
• P - porous (expanded clay).

In the production of each type, different aggregates are used. The difference lies in the density of the resulting concrete. The lightest is expanded clay concrete, silicate has an average density, the name "heavy" speaks for itself. There is a direct relationship between density and compressive strength.

Most often, blocks of heavy concrete are used - they are the most durable, frost-resistant. But other species have their own merits. Silicate and porous expanded clay concrete is lighter, which facilitates transportation, is cheaper, and requires less installation costs.

Dimensions of foundation block elements

Most often, when installing the base of a building, products with a height of 58 or 28 cm are used (marked 6 or 3). Their width can be 30 (3), 40 (4), 50 (5) or 60 (6) cm. There are three types of panels in length:

• 8 or 9: short (additional), used to avoid the need to crush the whole, their length is 78 or 88 cm, respectively, weight, depending on the width and height, from 180 to 700 kg.
• 12: length - 118 cm, weight - from 264 to 960 kg.
• 24: length - 238 cm, weight - from 490 to 1960 kg.

There is another standard - FBS-4. They have a single size of 40x20x20 cm, weight - 310 kg.

If necessary, you can purchase products for mounting a concrete base with lengths, widths, heights that differ from those listed. You need to focus on the label. Less popular options include options with a length of 28 (3), 38 (4), 48 (5), 58 (6), 178 (18) cm and a height of 38 (4) or 48 (5) cm. FL brand panels have additional standard sizes that are not included in the grid of blocks of the FBS type.

Prices

Cost and size are directly related. Below are the minimum prices for foundation elements made of concrete panels in popular standard dimensions.

FBS-9 price, rubles:

The cost of FBS-12, rubles:

Prices for FBS-24, rubles:

You can buy a concrete block 20x20x40 (FBS-4) at a price of 54 rubles.

Technology and quality of materials are important, so the discrepancy in the cost of blocks produced by different manufacturers can be very significant. It is wiser to purchase products directly from factories located at a short distance from the construction site. This will save on transport costs and intermediary trade margins.

The use of ready-made factory-made block products for foundation construction significantly reduces time, labor intensity, and ensures uniform quality. This type of building material is universal, can be used in the construction of walls of non-residential premises, suitable for mounting the base of the building under the most adverse conditions. A large selection of standard sizes allows you to choose concrete blocks for the foundation of structures of any complexity.

The size of the concrete block depends on the scope of its application. Products are used for the construction of supporting structures, walls, ceilings, flights of stairs. Such artificial building materials are produced in any color, and forms from them are built at small and medium-sized houses in a very short time. If, according to the plan, a wooden house will be built, then concrete blocks will be used to build the basement. Also, such a reliable building material is used to build houses, hangars, saunas, garages, non-residential buildings and fences. Due to the reasonable price, the product is popular and has improved soundproofing and heat-insulating qualities.

Block types

Concrete blocks have differences in shapes, parameters and fillers. Products are made from light or heavy type of concrete solutions.

Heavy

The building material belongs to heavy varieties when its dry mix density is up to 2500 kg / m3. The main types of concrete blocks are made from heavy concrete, the main ones are sand-cement mortar and cinder block.

Sand-concrete

This type refers to hollow products that are reinforced with iron rods. The material has high strength, it is used for the construction of one-story buildings. For the construction of residential buildings, it is better to take the brand of concrete products M 100. Blocks are available in two types:

• full-bodied products are used for the construction of foundation monolithic foundations;
• hollow elements are used to build walls.

slag concrete

Building materials have low thermal insulation characteristics, for this reason, buildings made of them need additional insulation. The walls of the bearing and internal type are built from cinder blocks.

Reinforced concrete blocks

This type of models, made of concrete mortar, has a rectangular shape, equipped with grooves that are designed for laying the mixture in the joint areas. Reinforcement is built into the element, which increases the resistance to compression and expansion during temperature changes. The building material is intended for building a foundation on different types of soil.

Lungs

Building materials with a density less than 1800 kg / cm3 are classified as lightweight concrete. The mass of products is reduced due to the lightweight component included in the composition or foaming of the binder solution artificially. The type of light products includes expanded clay, foam concrete and aerated concrete blocks.

Expanded clay concrete

This material is environmentally friendly, it is made with the addition of expanded clay, water and cement. The main features of expanded clay concrete are good sound insulation, the structure of products is able to pass air. And at the same time, building blocks have high thermal insulation qualities.

aerated concrete

Blocks are a kind of porous material; in the process of their manufacture, lime, quartz sand and aluminum powder are added to the mixture for the cement composition. Gas blocks have a cellular structure on the surface and inside.

foam concrete

The composition of the foam block includes sand, cement, water and a foaming agent. This building material is suitable for external and internal walls.

Concrete blocks, their weight and size

The dimensions of concrete blocks are selected for the required application and for this reason they are different. Dimensions of common building materials that are used for the construction of external walls:

• length - 40x60x90-330 cm;
• height - 30x60x80-390 cm;
• thickness - 20-60 cm.

The main dimensions of blocks for interior partitions:

• length - 40, 90-330 cm;
• height - 30-60, 110, 210, 250, 280, 300, 330 cm;
• thickness - 16, 20, 25, 30 cm.

Question? What is the size of a standard concrete block? A block with parameters of 39x19x19 cm is considered standard.

The weight of concrete blocks depends on such factors:

• concrete class;
• mixture density;
• number of loops for mounting;
• steel grade;
• the amount of raw materials used - concrete and steel.

Wall products made from lightweight concrete exist without voids, weighing up to 20 kg, and with voids weighing up to 16 kg.

The foundation block is made from heavy concrete, which is divided into three groups:

1. Solid, the weight of one element is from 300 to 2000 kg.
2. Hollow blocks have a weight of 20 to 200 kg.
3. Solid with voids weigh from 500 to 700 kg.

for walls

This line of concrete building materials has many product options:

• Slag concrete is the most budget option, which has high performance and heat retention properties. Such products are used for non-residential buildings. For example, to build a garage or a concrete utility block with your own hands, concrete blocks with dimensions of 40x20x20 cm are suitable.
• Expanded clay concrete is in no way inferior to cinder blocks in terms of quality. But its strength is higher due to the expanded clay granules added to its composition. Such a building material has high thermal insulation properties. Therefore, it is recommended to build the entire building from expanded clay concrete blocks. To give the building a complete appearance, the walls need to be plastered.

• Gas silicate panels will serve at the same time and excellent thermal insulation. Various size options allow you to choose the most suitable options for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions.
• Foam concrete blocks are perfect for building interior walls. Concrete blocks for partitions have the following dimensions: 10x30x60 cm, 20x30x50 cm, 30x40x60 cm, 40x20x40 cm.

For foundation

The block intended for the foundation base has such strength grades M100, M150, M200. From such material, which is intended for any climatic zones, they build a strip and column foundation. These blocks are suitable for building a wall, basement, basement, industrial buildings. The modules have a rectangular shape and on the upper side there are one or two metal loops for transportation and moving to the installation site.

It is allowed to combine a monolithic base with foundation blocks. In this embodiment, the pillow is filled with the usual mixture, factory panels are installed on top of it.

The block foundation has the following features:

• speed of installation;
• almost no manual labor costs;
• the amount of work with the cement mixture is minimal, it is not required to build formwork;
• it is permissible to lay the foundation in adverse weather;
• elements are universal - they are suitable for building houses of any kind;
• if the work is carried out on a sandy base, it is not necessary to make a pillow device;
• the material is resistant to groundwater and sudden changes in temperature;
• frost resistance up to -55 degrees C, the panels can withstand from 50 stages of freezing / defrosting;
• products are of uniform quality;
• the product complies with all GOST standards;
• when the installation is completed, the walls are built, and there is no need to wait for the solution to dry and acquire density;
• service life up to 100 years.

Cons of concrete foundation panels:

• the use of expensive equipment during installation work;
• blocks are not suitable for heaving soils;
• reliable waterproofing is required;
• the block type of foundation, as a result, turns out to be much more expensive than cast. The price is affected by the cost of work, energy costs.

It is strongly not recommended to lay foundation blocks to an insufficient trench depth. The trench must be dug with a width that is equal to the width of the blocks, plus 20 cm - in order to make free installation. The depth must be made equal to the height of two plates, this is approximately 1m 20 cm. The level of soil freezing should also be taken into account.

Types of blocks for the foundation

The types of panels are distinguished by their shapes, the presence of reinforcing elements, and the classification of concrete. Qualitative characteristics depend on the production method, brand and strength. The main features are indicated by marking:

• FBS is a solid non-reinforced panel intended for the supporting structure, the foundations of multi-storey buildings, the construction of the walls of the basement. The concrete block has a length of 88 cm to 118 cm, a concrete block width of 58 cm, and a height of 30-40 cm.

For the construction of the foundation, block materials are often used, made from durable and frost-resistant ingredients. This technology is universal, therefore, foundation blocks are laid both in the construction of apartment buildings and in the construction of small buildings. Of these, columnar structures are also assembled. The main thing is to choose the right blocks that are made from different materials, so they have different names.

This material is based on concrete. Depending on its brand, the strength characteristics of the block material depend on the size of the reinforcement and the frequency of its laying. concrete block foundation, these are three types of block material:

1. FBP - hollow.
2. FBS - solid.
3. FBV - solid, in which cutouts are made for laying communication networks and pouring jumpers.

The first type is the most common. It is made either from heavy concrete, or from silicate. Second also made of heavy concrete or expanded clay concrete. The foundation of expanded clay concrete blocks is already insulated. But he has a minus - compared to models made of heavy concrete, they have lower strength characteristics, so it is recommended to use them for light buildings: a bathhouse, a garage, a barn.

They are lighter than all the others, cheaper, however, it should be noted a good indicator of water resistance. Another plus is the cutouts for filling jumpers. The latter increase the bending and displacement pressure bearing capacity.

The third type is, in fact, fixed formwork. The installation of foundation blocks of this type is accompanied by additional pouring of concrete into the cavity with preliminary laying inside the reinforcing frame. The frame is a vertically mounted pins, which are tied with horizontally laid reinforcement. The latter passes through all the voids of the blocks for the foundation.

Concrete stones have different sizes and are poured from different types of concrete mortars. Depending on the dimensions, they are used either for heavy buildings or for light ones. The photo below shows the ratio of the sizes of concrete blocks for foundations with their mass and volume.

It is clearly seen from the table that the dimensions are already included in the brand. This is not the whole classification, because the table does not indicate materials with small dimensions. For example, FBS 2-2-4, whose weight is 30 kg, which makes it possible to carry out installation without the involvement of heavy equipment.

Concrete blocks are used when you need to quickly lay down a reliable and durable foundation.

Foam blocks

The foundation of foam blocks is rarely used. This block material is made using cement, sand and a foaming agent.

The latter creates pores inside the structure, which make the stone light and insulating. Unfortunately, such a block design does not withstand heavy loads, therefore, it is laid under light buildings, one-story cottages. You can assemble a strip foundation or a column foundation from them.

In addition, foam blocks are hygroscopic material. It absorbs moisture well, so the main requirement for construction is a well-conducted waterproofing. This applies to all sides of the blocks, as well as gas blocks.

The foundation of foam blocks cannot be built in areas with flooding, with a high level of groundwater, in swampy areas.

cinder blocks

From the name itself, it becomes clear that the filler here is slag, that is, solid waste from various industries.

The cinder blocks themselves are divided into solid and hollow. In this case, the volume of voids can vary within 28-40%.

And the fewer voids, the stronger the product. But the foundation of cinder blocks must be constructed from a continuous modification, hollow ones will not withstand the heavy weight of the building. In this case, it is necessary to indicate that there are certain norms regarding the strength of such a foundation. It is forbidden to lay it under a house weighing more than 100 tons.

Construction technology

FBS

Before making the foundation of the blocks, it is necessary to carry out a number of preparatory work.

1. Foundation layout.
2. Digging trenches.
3. Leveling the bottom and walls of trenches.
4. Trench foundation preparation.

You can mark the foundation of foam blocks or other block materials using twine and pegs. All dimensions of the structure are taken from the building design. It is important to accurately observe all dimensional indicators: the length, width of the trenches, their depth. Particular attention is paid to the evenness of the walls, if the foundation will be assembled at a depth. Large distortions are not allowed this can make it difficult to lower the block material into the trench. But, for example, for large foundation structures, lifting mechanisms will be required.

trench preparation- this is backfilling the base with a layer of coarse-grained sand or a thickness of 10 - 20 cm with tamping and watering. The next layer is waterproofing.: bitumen, roofing material, stekloizol, waterproofing films. There are many options, one of them is a layer of concrete screed with a thickness of 7 cm.

If FL concrete blocks are used as the basis for the house, and this is the sole for the main structure, then after installation they are treated with bituminous mastic or ordinary hot bitumen. After that, a reinforcing mesh is laid on the prepared base, and the entire surface is filled with concrete mortar.

Before laying the blocks on the foundation, it is necessary to wait for the sole with a concrete screed to dry well. Now you can place concrete stones.

1. The first row is installed first at the corners of the structure, and then the intermediate sections are filled.
2. Seams are filled with mortar: both vertical and horizontal.
3. The second row is stacked on the first with an offset of half the element. That is, the laying should receive in a checkerboard pattern. All masonry of both the first and second rows, as well as subsequent ones, is set in a horizontal plane.
4. When all reinforced concrete blocks for the foundation are installed, a reinforcing belt is poured over them. For what it is necessary to pre-assemble the formwork and lay a reinforcing frame made of metal reinforcement into it.

After 8 - 10 days, the formwork is removed and a complete foundation is made from foundation blocks. In this case, roll or coating insulation is used. And the last stage is backfilling, for which it is better to use sand mixed with soil. The backfill must be rammed.

1. If the length of all stacked blocks is not equal to the length of the wall, then it is necessary to first make additional elements, which are called seals, before the start of construction. These are the same concrete products only of shorter length.
2. For laying communication networks, you need to leave openings. When assembling the foundation, pipes are laid in them, which are poured from above with concrete mortar.
3. In places where external and internal walls are joined, block elements are tied.
4. After the assembly is completed, all blocks are checked by level and plumb. If any sticks out, then it must be corrected with a crowbar. If the discrepancy is large, then it is better to disassemble the site and put the element exactly in place.

Expanded clay and cinder blocks

As in the case of the FBS structure, expanded clay concrete blocks and cinder blocks are laid on, which is necessarily filled from above with a reinforcing belt. After 28 days, you can begin laying out the foundation blocks.

Since the main dimensions of the stones are 190 x 390 x 188 mm, the block material itself is light in weight. That is, the installation can be done by hand. The laying technology depends on whether the stones will be laid in two rows or in one. If the first option is used, so to speak, a reinforced structure, then the first lower row is laid along the location of the foundation, the second across. In this case, it is better to arrange the blocks of the first row so that they are located relative to each other with an offset of half the product.

Second option- this is an ordinary brickwork with an offset of half. A cement-based bonding solution is used to fasten the material. It is laid with a thickness of 1 - 1.5 mm. As usual, you need to start installation from the corners of the building, displaying immediately the height of the foundation for the house. After that, the intermediate sections are filled. And the last stage is the pouring of the reinforcing belt over the laid expanded clay concrete blocks.

Using exactly the same technology, a type of foundation is assembled from gas silicate blocks. True, they have different dimensions: 250 x 625 x 50 mm, but this in no way affects the assembly sequence and the use of side materials. The only thing to pay attention to This is the glue that holds the blocks together. That is, the first row is laid on the cement mortar, and the subsequent ones on the adhesive composition, which is called - glue for gas blocks. The foundation of aerated concrete blocks is not the most durable, the design is hygroscopic, so pay attention to reinforced waterproofing.

It is from all of the above materials that they are assembled. In principle, the sequence of operations is no different from the construction of a tape structure. Simply, instead of trenches, sites are dug for laying blocks for a columnar foundation. It is important to accurately select the dimensions here, because the larger the support in cross section, the stronger it is.

The blocks themselves are stacked crosswise relative to the rows. For example, the first row is two stacked stones side by side, the second row is also two elements stacked across the first. The next row is blocks laid across the stones of the second row.

Advantages and disadvantages

Speaking of pros and cons, it must be indicated that the foundation of reinforced concrete blocks is the most durable and reliable. Weaker structures made of gas silicate, expanded clay. But there is one very important nuance in this matter. Making small-sized foundation blocks with your own hands is not a problem. You can purchase detachable molds, you can rent an apparatus on which block products are cast. And then, to establish the production of a small amount of material. That's a good budget saver.

In addition, building a foundation from blocks is not a very complicated process. The step-by-step instruction described above proves this. Practice shows that the most important thing before building a foundation from blocks is to choose the right material itself. Of course, large precast concrete requires the presence of heavy lifting equipment on the construction site. You will have to pay for her services. But if a multi-storey building is being built, then it is better to assemble the foundation from FBS.

The foundation structure for a house made of expanded clay blocks is insulated, aerated concrete blocks are the lightest of all, they are easily adjusted to any size, which requires a simple saw. It is easiest to build a foundation from them with your own hands due to their small size and light weight.

Conclusion

The types of foundation blocks determine the construction technology of the overall structure and the degree of complexity of the construction operations. You cannot install FBS with your own hands; there are strict requirements for their installation. Block structures made of small-sized stones are able to assemble even a beginner.

But any foundation must be built taking into account the requirements of SNiP. It stipulates which blocks under which foundations should be used. The only thing to note is that you can build a foundation from blocks with your own hands, regardless of the size and severity of the stones. The main thing is to strictly observe the nuances of construction technology.

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